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          5G名词
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        <p>[TOC]</p>
<h2 id="1-名词与缩略语"><a href="#1-名词与缩略语" class="headerlink" title="1 名词与缩略语"></a>1 名词与缩略语</h2><p>LTE: 准4G标准</p>
<p>IMT-2020：5G推进组</p>
<p>SDN：软件定义网络</p>
<p>NFV：网络功能虚拟化</p>
<p>eMBB：增强移动宽带</p>
<p>mMTC：海量机器类通信</p>
<p>URLLC：超可靠低时延通信</p>
<h2 id="2-如何定义5G？"><a href="#2-如何定义5G？" class="headerlink" title="2 如何定义5G？"></a>2 如何定义5G？</h2><p>综合5G关键能力与核心技术，5G概念可由“标志性能力指 标”和“一组关键技术”来共同定义。其中，标志性能力指标为 “Gbps用户体验速率”，一组关键技术包括大规模天线阵列、超密集组网、新型多址、全频谱接入和新型网络架构。</p>
<img src="https://gitee.com/littlefxc/oss/raw/master/images/image-20220107141121089.png" style="zoom:33%;" />

<h2 id="3-5G-架构"><a href="#3-5G-架构" class="headerlink" title="3 5G 架构"></a>3 5G 架构</h2><h3 id="3-1-需求与挑战"><a href="#3-1-需求与挑战" class="headerlink" title="3.1 需求与挑战"></a>3.1 需求与挑战</h3><ol>
<li>关键性能挑战</li>
<li>网络运营需求</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="3-2-设计思路"><a href="#3-2-设计思路" class="headerlink" title="3.2 设计思路"></a>3.2 设计思路</h3><p>从 1G 到 4G，移动网络的演进趋势是控制与转发分离，对于 5G 更是如此，将业务面功能下沉至用户侧。</p>
<p>为了解决网络开放能力和设备兼容性等问题，考虑引入软件和硬件功能解耦技术，以支持网元功能的虚拟化和模块化，便于按需组网。</p>
<p>总结起来，5G 网络需实现转发分离化、部署分布化、网络虚拟化和功能模块化的 4D 逻辑结构。</p>
<p>设计原则：</p>
<ul>
<li>灵活：根据不同的业务需求，构建以用户为中心的组网，支持多种接入技术融合；</li>
<li>高效：简化状态、信令，同时使网络具有更低的传输成本，且易于拓展；</li>
<li>智能：网络能够实现资源的自分配和自调整、组网的自配置和自由化；</li>
<li>开放：网元能够突破软硬件紧耦合的限制，网络能力可向第三方开放，以支持新业务的打造，创新盈利点。</li>
</ul>
<p>特点：一个逻辑架构，多种组网方式</p>
<h3 id="3-3-技术基础"><a href="#3-3-技术基础" class="headerlink" title="3.3 技术基础"></a>3.3 技术基础</h3><p>先决条件：SDN 和 NFV 的结合，有效地满足 5G 网络架构的主要技术特征，使 5G 网络具备网络能力开放性、可编程性、灵活性和可扩展性。</p>
<h4 id="3-3-1-SDN——控制与转发分离"><a href="#3-3-1-SDN——控制与转发分离" class="headerlink" title="3.3.1 SDN——控制与转发分离"></a>3.3.1 SDN——控制与转发分离</h4><p>SDN：软件定义网络</p>
<p>主要特征：控制面与数据面分离和控制面集中化</p>
<p>SDN 的应用场景：</p>
<ol>
<li>场景 1：SDN 在数据中心网络的应用</li>
<li>场景 2：SDN 在数据中心互联的应用</li>
<li>场景 3：SDN 在政企网络中的应用</li>
<li>场景 4：SDN 在电信运营商网络的应用</li>
<li>场景 5：SDN 在互联网公司业务部署中的应用</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="3-3-2-NFV——软件与硬件解耦"><a href="#3-3-2-NFV——软件与硬件解耦" class="headerlink" title="3.3.2 NFV——软件与硬件解耦"></a>3.3.2 NFV——软件与硬件解耦</h4><p>NFV：网络功能虚拟化</p>
<p>NFV 的应用场景：</p>
<ol>
<li>场景 1：虚拟化 BRAS</li>
<li>场景 2：虚拟化 CPE</li>
<li>场景 3：虚拟化 EPC</li>
<li>场景 4：虚拟化 IMS</li>
<li>场景 5：虚拟化路由器 vSR</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="3-3-3-SDN-与-NFV-的关系"><a href="#3-3-3-SDN-与-NFV-的关系" class="headerlink" title="3.3.3 SDN 与 NFV 的关系"></a>3.3.3 SDN 与 NFV 的关系</h4><p>SDN 和 NFV 的共同点是网络从封闭走向开放、从独享的硬件发展到共享的软件。两者具有很强的互补性，但是它们彼此之间是相互独立的，没有必然的依赖性。</p>
<p>SDN 侧重于控制与转发的分离、网络集中控制（逻辑上）和网络虚拟化，主要影响的是网络的结构；</p>
<p>而 NFV 侧重的是软件与硬件的分离、硬件通用化和网络功能虚拟化，主要影响的是网元的形态。</p>
<h3 id="3-4-关键特征"><a href="#3-4-关键特征" class="headerlink" title="3.4 关键特征"></a>3.4 关键特征</h3><ol>
<li>控制转发分离</li>
<li>SBA 架构</li>
<li>网络切片</li>
<li>固移融合</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="4-5G-网络关键技术"><a href="#4-5G-网络关键技术" class="headerlink" title="4 5G 网络关键技术"></a>4 5G 网络关键技术</h2><h3 id="4-1-网络切片"><a href="#4-1-网络切片" class="headerlink" title="4.1 网络切片"></a>4.1 网络切片</h3><h4 id="4-1-1-网络切片架构"><a href="#4-1-1-网络切片架构" class="headerlink" title="4.1.1 网络切片架构"></a>4.1.1 网络切片架构</h4><p>网络切片（NS，Network Slicing）技术通过虚拟化将一个物理网络分成多个虚拟的逻辑网络，每一个虚拟网络对应不同的应用场景，从而提供高能效、易部署的网络解决方案。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/littlefxc/oss/raw/master/images/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%88%87%E7%89%87%E5%9C%A85G%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8.png"></p>
<p>网络切片架构包含接入侧切片（含无线接入和固定接入）、核心网切片以及将这些切片组成完整切片的选择功能单元。选择功能单元按照实际通信业务需求选择能够提供特定服务的核心网切片。<br><img src="https://gitee.com/littlefxc/oss/raw/master/images/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%88%87%E7%89%87%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84.jpg" alt="网络切片架构"></p>
<p>每个网络切片都是一组网络功能（Network Function）及其资源的集合，由这些网络功能形成一个完整的逻辑网络，每一个逻辑网络都能以特定的网络特征来满足对应业务的需求。通过网络功能和协议定制，网络切片为不同业务场景提供所匹配的网络功能。其中每个切片都可独立按照业务场景的需要和话务模型进行网络功能的定制剪裁和相应网络资源的编排控制，是对 5G 网络架构的实例化。</p>
<h4 id="4-1-2-网络切片实现方案"><a href="#4-1-2-网络切片实现方案" class="headerlink" title="4.1.2 网络切片实现方案"></a>4.1.2 网络切片实现方案</h4><p>NFV 软硬件解耦及动态伸缩特性是 5G 切片的实现基础，而 SDN 的控制与转发分离特性是 5G 切片的实现引擎。</p>
<h3 id="4-2-移动边缘计算——业务本地化"><a href="#4-2-移动边缘计算——业务本地化" class="headerlink" title="4.2 移动边缘计算——业务本地化"></a>4.2 移动边缘计算——业务本地化</h3><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/u013256816/article/details/97858206"> 科普 | 到底什么是移动边缘计算？_朱小厮的博客-CSDN博客</a></p>
<p>低时延业务要求核心网功能部署到网络边缘。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/littlefxc/oss/raw/master/images/129d356f386eb8cb049fcc47f186fda0.gif"></p>
<h2 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.sdnlab.com/25534.html">硬核图解！30张图带你搞懂！路由器，集线器，交换机，网桥，光猫有啥区别？ (sdnlab.com)</a></p>

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